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The reproductive caste of a mature colony includes a fertile female and man, known as the queen and king.61 The queen of this colony is responsible for egg production for the colony. Unlike in ants, the king mates with her for life.62 In certain species, the abdomen of this queen swells up radically to increase fecundity, a characteristic known as physogastrism.61 Depending on the species, the queen begins producing reproductive winged alates at a certain time of the year, and huge swarms emerge from the colony when nuptial flight begins.

A young termite nymph. Nymphs first moult into employees, but others might farther moult to become soldiers alates.

Termites are often compared with all the social Hymenoptera (ants and various species of bees and wasps), but their differing evolutionary origins result in major differences in life span. In the eusocial Hymenoptera, the workers are exclusively female. Males (drones) are haploid and develop from unfertilised eggs, while females (both employees and the queen) are both diploid and grow from fertilised eggs.

Depending on species, both male and female workers may have different roles in a termite colony.63.

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The entire life span of a termite begins with an egg, but is different from that of a bee or ant in that it goes through a developmental process called incomplete metamorphosis, with egg, nymph and adult phases.64 Nymphs resemble little adults, and undergo a series of moults as they develop.

The development of nymphs into adults can take months; the time frame depends on food availability, temperature, and the general population of this colony. Since nymphs are unable to feed themselves, employees must feed thembut workers also take part in the social life of their colony and also have certain other tasks to achieve such as foraging, building or maintaining the nest or tending to the queen.5367 Pheromones govern the caste system in termite colonies, preventing all but a very few of the termites from becoming fertile queens.68.

Queens of the eusocial termite Reticulitermes speratus are capable of a long lifespan without sacrificing fecundity. These long-lived queens have a significantly lower degree of oxidative damage, including oxidative DNA damage, than workers, soldiers and nymphs.69 The decreased levels of damage appear to be due to increased catalase, an enzyme that protects against oxidative stress.69.

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Termite alates only depart the colony when a nuptial flight takes place. Alate males and females pair up together and then land in search of a suitable place for a colony.70 A termite king and queen do not mate until they find such a place. When they perform , they excavate a room large enough for both, shut up the entrance and proceed to partner.70 After mating, the set never go outdoors and spend the remainder of their lives in the nest.

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By way of instance, alates in certain species appear during the day in summer while others emerge during the winter.71 The nuptial flight may also begin at dusk, when the alates swarm around regions with lots of lights. The time when nuptial flight begins depends on the environmental conditions, the time of day, humidity, wind speed and precipitation.71 The number of termites in a colony also fluctuates, with the larger species typically having 1001,000 individuals. web link

The queen only lays 1020 eggs in the very early stages of the colony, but lays as many as 1,000 a day when the colony is several years old.53 At adulthood, a primary queen has a fantastic capability to lay eggs. In certain species, the mature queen includes a greatly distended abdomen and might create 40,000 eggs per day.72 Both adult ovaries may have some 2,000 ovarioles every.73 The abdomen increases the queen's body length to a number of times greater than prior to mating and reduces her ability to maneuver freely; attendant employees provide assistance. .

The king grows only slightly larger after initial mating and continues to mate with the queen for life (a termite queen can live between 30 to 50 years); this is quite different from ant colonies, in which a queen teammates once together with the male(s) and stores the gametes for life, as the male ants die soon after mating.6267 When your queen is absent, a termite king generates pheromones which encourage the development of replacement termite queens.74 As the queen and king are monogamous, sperm competition does not occur.75.

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Termites going through incomplete metamorphosis on the path to becoming alates type a subcaste in certain species of termite, functioning as potential supplementary reproductives. These supplementary reproductives only grow into main reproductives upon the death of a king or queen, or when the primary reproductives are separated out of the colony.6676 Supplementaries have the capacity to replace a dead principal reproductive, and there may also be more than a single supplementary within a colony.53 Some queens have the capacity to change from sexual reproduction to asexual reproduction.

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